Excerpt from Review of American Chemical Research, Vol. 8
Generalizations on Double Halogen Salts. By H. C. Wells. Am. Chan. J., 26, 389-408. The author has classified about five hundred double halides with the view of showing the possible relations between valency, chemical nature, etc., and the type to which the double salt belongs. The double salts studied were made up of the halidies of the alkali metals, of ammonium, and of thallium 011 the one hand, with halides of more electronegative univalent to quinquivalent metals, on the other. The term type refers to the composition of the double salt as shown by the ratio of the number of molecules of alkali metal halide to the number of molecules of negative metal halide contained in a molecule of the double salt. The salts considered exhibit fifteen types. The classification shows that simple types are most common. The number of salts belonging to each of the more prominent types is as follows: 2:1, 207; 1:1, 147; 3:1, 61; 3:2, 26; 1:2, 18; 4:1, 15; 2:3, 6; all other types. 14. The total number of salts was 494. In the above ratios the antecedent refers to the alkali halide. From these figures it appears that 84 per cent of the salts belong to the first three types and that these with the next four types comprise 97 per cent of the whole number. The valency of the negative metal seems to have but little effect in determining the type of double salt formed. However. the 3:1 and 3:2 types are most frequently found among double salts containing trivalent metals. Not many regularities appear in the classification, but it seems that the ease of double salt formation increases with the change from iodides to fluorides. The same two halide salts often unite in more than one ratio. The maximum number of double halides observed from any pair of salts is five. There is no apparent relation between the amount of water of crystallization of the double halides and other properties.
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