Excerpt from The Pancreas: Its Surgery and Pathology
Our present knowledge of the physiology, pathology, and surgery of the pancreas, like so many other advances in medicine in recent years, was rendered possible by the beneficent work of Lister. So long as clinical observation was only capable of being checked by the experience of the post-mortem room, and by an occasional accidental experiment on the living subject, the important and complex part that the pancreas plays in the physiology of the body remained unsuspected, and descriptions of the diseases to which it is liable were confined to a few lines on malignant disease, cysts, and calculi. Animal experiments, now rendered safe by antiseptic surgery and improved technique, have thrown a flood of light on the physiology of the organ and elevated it from the position of a mere accessory digestive gland to the rank of a structure indispensable for the metabolic needs of the organism. The numerous laparotomies undertaken in recent years have afforded the surgeon opportunities of observing and handling the living organ, both in health and disease, and a comparison of the conditions noticed, together with a closer investigation of the symptoms and after-histories of the cases, has very, considerably widened our conception of the pathological changes that may occur in the gland and afforded a basis for their clinical differentiation. Histological and post-mortem inquiries, stimulated by the impetus thus given, have still further increased our knowledge, and confirmed the conclusions of the bedside and the operating theatre.
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