Excerpt from The Portland Cement Industry From a Financial Standpoint
In spite of the present and growing importance of industry, the history of Portland Cement manufacture covers a relatively short period of time, as compared with that of the iron industry, for example. Contrary to a somewhat popular idea, the ancients do not seem to have been acquainted with cements of the type which are now so widely employed. The "cements" used by the Romans, for example, were not burned products similar to the Portland Cement now used, but were made by mixing slaked lime with a powdered volcanic ash, called pozzuolana. These pozzuolanic or "puzzolan" cements still survive, though not of the greatest industrial importance.
During the Middle Ages even the use of the puzzolan cements seems to have been discontinued for large structural work. In those periods the material used for holding masonry together was a plain lime mortar, though by using time and great care in the preparation of the lime, the mortar and the masonry, structures of great strength and durability were finally developed.
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