Excerpt from The Ajivikas, Vol. 1
The History of the Ajivikas can broadly he divided into three periods in conformity with the three main stages of development through which their doctrines had passed. The general facts about these periods are summed up below with a view to indicate the precise nature of the problems that confront us in the study of each. The periods and problems are as follows: -
1. Pre-Makkhali Period.
Problems. - The rise of a religious order of wandering mendicants called the Ajlvika from a Vanaprastha or Vaikhanasa order of the hermits, hostile alike in attitude towards the religion of the Brahmans and the Vaikhanasas, bearing yet some indelible marks of the parent asrama; a higher synthesis in the new Bhiksu order of the three or four asramas of the Brahmans.
2. Makkhali Period. Pro terns.
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