Excerpt from The American Antiquarian and Oriental Journal, 1881, Vol. 3
It is well known that the State of Wisconsin abounds with a certain class of earth-works which have generally been called by the expressive name of emblematic or effigy mounds. The peculiarity of these structures is that they resemble the forms of various wild animals, and though often massive in their dimensions, still perpetuate in their outlines complete figures of the creatures which once constituted the fauna of this region. No other State so abounds in these emblematic structures. There are many other earth-works scattered throughout the whole valley of the Mississippi. Among them five or six classes have been distinguished, all of them having characteristics of their own, and each class being peculiar to a certain geographical section. For instance, in the State of Ohio there is a great system of earth-works which presents all the characteristics of religious or sacred structures, such as pyramids, altars and sacred enclosures, parallel walls and graded ways. In Illinois and Indiana there are also found earth-works of various kinds, the tumulus, or the burial mound, being the commonest type. In the State of New York, in Northern Ohio and in some parts of Michigan, there are found military works, such as the circular enclosure, with its wall and ditch, and, occasionally, the traces of palisades and other defenses, so that we say that the military is the type peculiar to these localities. In the States of Georgia and Mississippi there are many massive pyramids which are generally regarded as distinctive. But in the State of Wisconsin the works, which are peculiar to the soil and distinctive of the locality, are the emblematic mounds.
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