Excerpt from Illinois Biological Monographs, Vol. 5: Published Quarterly Under the Auspices of the Graduate School by the University of Illinois
The study of the development of the teleost skull has been confined for the most part to isolated stages and there have been very few papers dealing with the changes which take place in any one species. Parker's (1872) work, on the development of the cranium of Salmo has remained the standard and has been supplemented by Gaupp (1902) and Schleip (1903). Winslow (1897) describes the chondrocranium of the trout, Ryder (1886) and Pollard (1895) the chondrocrania of some of the Siluroids, but none of these attempted to trace the formation of the bones and their relation to the cartilage, in the same way that Parker did. Swinnerton (1902) has described several stages in the development of the skull of Gasterosteus.
The skull of the adult teleost has been widely studied in a topographical way, but very few authors have analyzed the bones in terms of their developmental relations, so that a wide field is open for this line of investigation. Gouan (1770) gives a simple account of the bones of the cranium and naively states that although there are many bones in the cranium of the young fish, these fuse into several large bones in the adult, as in man. Many of the names in use in the terminology of the present time have come directly from Cuvier, but others have been introduced into the literature principally by Owen (1848), Huxley (1864), and Parker (1872). Except for a few scattered references to the cranium of Silurus glanis, Clarias, Auchenaspis, and the incomplete description of the cranium of the adult Amiurus by McMurrich (1884), the skull of the Siluroids has been neglected.
This study of Amiurus has been undertaken because of the low organization of the Siluroids and the primitive relation of certain parts of the skull. Many points of relationship with the ganoids have been found and a sounder basis for grouping the Siluroids with the Characinidae and the Cyprinidae, has been developed. Very early stages of the skull were not procurable, so that the following account is based upon the 8, 10, 20, 32 and 60 mm. stages, though earlier stages than the earliest of these may be described in a later paper. Most of the material was obtained from Wisconsin, though the 32 mm. stage was supplied by Professor J. S. Kingsley under whose direction the work was completed, and whom I take this opportunity to thank for the many helpful suggestions and facilities placed at my disposal. The adult specimens, obtained through the generosity of the Illinois Natural History Survey, came from the Illinois River.
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