Excerpt from The History of Rome, Vol. 2: From the First Punic War to the Death of Constantine
Before proceeding to describe the third Mithridatic war, I will give you a brief survey of the states and nations over which the Roman dominion extended at this time, as well as of those with which Rome was likely to come in contact. The Roman empire in Europe comprised, besides Italy, Provence with a part of Dauphine, and the whole of Languedoc and Toulouse. Although the more distant tribes of Spain were only in a state of half dependence, yet, after the war of Sertorius, the whole of Spain may be regarded as under the Roman dominion, with the exception of Biscay and Asturia. The Cantabri, a great nation in the north of Spain, the separate tribes of which seem to have been perfectly distinct and independent of one another, were quite free. Gaul was in a condition which I shall describe more accurately when I reach the time of Caesar's conquests in that country. The Aedui had the supremacy; the whole country was in a state of very great weakness, and was already overwhelmed with German tribes. The entire coast of the Adriatic, Dalmatia, and Illyricum, were under Rome, but not to a great distance from the sea; the inhabitants of the high mountains of Bosnia and Croatia were independent. The whole extent of Macedonia, such as it had been under the last kings, as well as Greece, was a Roman province. Thrace, and the country north of Scardus and Scodrus, were still independent.
Bithynia in Asia had been bequeathed to the Romans by the will of its last king, Nicomedes.
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