Excerpt from Chemical Gazette, 1846, Vol. 4: Or Journal of Practical Chemistry
The author, after passing in review the method described by Liebig and Wohler, and that recently recommended by Prof. Gregory for the preparation of alloxan by the oxidation of uric acid by means of nitric acid, advises that nitric acid of 1.4-1.42 spec. grav. be employed instead of an acid of 1.3-1.34 spec. grav., as proposed by the latter chemist.
He finds however the following to be the most advantageous method of preparing alloxan: - 4 oz. of uric acid are mixed in an evaporating dish with 8oz. of moderately strong muriatic acid. An ounce of finely powdered chlorate of potash is then gradually and slowly added. The mixtures becomes warm, no gas is evolved, and the uric acid is completely decomposed into alloxan and urea - a further proof, if any were needed, that uric acid consists of urilic acid and urea. No chlorine is evolved if the process be properly managed, conducted slowly, and the mixture be well-agitated after each addition. When three-fourths or four-fifths of the chlorate have been added, the warm and fluids mass is diluted with 2 volumes of water. The mixture is set aside, the solution poured off, the remaining undissoved uric acid is treated with a little strong muriatic acid; and after the mixture has been heated to 122°F., the remainder of the chlorate is slowly added until the uric acid has dissolved. More than 1 oz. of the chlorate is never required for 4 oz. of the uric acid.
The solution of alloxan is now decomposed by sulphuretted hydrogen in the ordinary way to from alloxantine; the fluid filtered from this may be very advantageously employed to yield large quantities of nitrate of urea, by removing the excess of muriatic acid with oxide of lead, and treating the filtered liquid with excess of ritric acid.
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