Excerpt from The New Philosophy, Vol. 17 of 19: A Quarterly Magazine Devoted to the Interests of the Swedenborg Scientific Association, 1914-1916
Vieussens, however, supposes it to be a duplicature of the pia mater confined to this region. But the existence of an intermediate membrane in some parts of the brain, especially at the base of the cerebellum whence it is continued downwards into the medulla spinalis, and which constitutes the second integument proper to that medulla, has now been lately observed by myself, -though whether it is a separate membrane absolutely distinct from the subjacent membrane which famous authors style the pia mater and which is common to the medulla spinalis and the brain, as is also the case with the second intermediate membrane; or whether it is one and the same membrane doubled so as to consist of two layers, is a matter respecting which one may certainly entertain doubt. That I might, therefore, satisfy myself in respect to this difficulty, I instituted an examination with the utmost possible accuracy. This examination was made on a highly dropsical human brain, wherein consequently was no cavity nor any interstice that was not reached by the extravasated water. Thus wherever in the natural construction of the parts, there was a duplicature of this membrane more loose than ordinary, - such as are found at the extremity of the calamus scriptorius between the superincumbent cerebellum and the medulla spinalis; in the isthmus of space set between the cerebrum and cerebellum; over the processes called nates and testes; in the deeper part of the cerebrum between the beginning of the annular process and the first appearance or projection of the olfactory nerve, (as observed by Vesalius, who called it the process of the pia mater), there was found a large quantity of water which distended such duplicature far beyond its natural limits. (Ed. Lugd. Bat., 1725, p. 12.) In my subject I found this membrane entire, and free from any division throughout its whole circumference, with the exception of the regions mentioned above. But, supposing that there was a similar formation in this membrane as is found in the membranes of other parts, I endeavored to divide it.
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