Excerpt from Composition and Heat Treatment of Steel
In preparing the matter that enters into this book no attempt has been made to go into details on the subjects of the ores, their melting down into iron, or refining the iron in steel making. This part has merely been covered in a general way in order to lead up to and give a better understanding of the effect of the elements present in and added to steels of the various grades and kinds.
An attempt has been made to cover all the materials that have been used, either commercially or experimentally, for the purpose of making better steel and improving the standard brands so they will have greater strengths; withstand strains and stresses better; possess a longer wearing surface; have a greater electrical resistance, conductivity, or magnetism; attain a greater hardness, ductility, resiliency, or malleability; be capable of taking larger cuts on other metals or machining them faster; produce a metal that can be easier rolled, hammered, pressed, drawn, forged, welded, or machined into shape; be non-corrosive, or, in fact, make a better metal for any of the many uses to which it is put. The effect these materials or elements have had upon the carbon and alloyed steels has been told as well as the data at hand would permit, and hints have been injected, as to what might be expected from many of the elements, in order to stimulate further investigations and experiments. Results have been obtained in this way in the very recent past that are truly wonderful, yet these are liable to sink into insignificance before the discoveries that may be made in the near future.
The different chemical compositions that can be made from the elements here listed and described are so numerous that it seems hopeless to expect that all of them will ever be compounded, and tests made, and the results recorded. However, with the many individuals that are working along these lines some combinations are bound to be made that will prove to be beneficial, and doubtless some steels will be produced that will cause as great a revolution as "Mushet" or "Bessemer" steels did in their respective lines. A very few of the possible quaternary steels have been tried, i.e., alloys made by combining four different elements with the ferrite, and therefore many are yet to be investigated in the many different percentages in which it is possible to combine them. And this does not take into consideration the compositions that are possible with six, eight or more elements.
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