Excerpt from The Dictionary of Needlework
In Crochet, Knitting, and Tatting patterns, the same stitches are frequently repeated in the same round of the -work. To save the recapitulation thus necessary, the following signs are adopted to indicate where the stitches already given are to be repeated or in any way used again.
The Asterisk or *. - Where an asterisk is put twice, with instructions between, they indicate that the part of the pattern enclosed between them is to be repeated from where the first asterisk is inserted, thus: 3 Chain, * 1 Double Crochet, 5 Chain, 2 Double Crochet, repeat from * twice. This, if written at full length, would read as follows: 3 Chain, 1 Double Crochet, 5 Chain, 2 Double Crochet, 1 Double Crochet, 5 Chain, 2 Double Crochet, 1 Double Crochet, 5 Chain, 2 Double Crochet.
The Square Cross or + is used in Knitting and Crochet to indicate the place to which a row is worked and then repeated backwards. For example: 1 Double Crochet, 5 Chain, 3 Treble Crochet, +; if written at full-length this would be - 1 Double Crochet, 5 Chain, 6 Treble Crochet, 5 Chain, 1 Double Crochet. The letters A and B sometimes take the place of the cross, as follows: A, 1 Double Crochet, 5 Chain, 3 Treble Crochet, B.
The St. Andrews Cross or X is used in instructions to help a worker in a difficult pattern by enclosing a particular part of a design within two of these crosses, thus: 4 Chain, 5 Treble, x 12 Chain, 1 Purl, 12 Chain, 5 Double Crochet, 6 Treble, x 4 Chain.
The Long Cross or Dagger (†) is used in conjunction with the asterisk in instructions when a repetition within a repetition has to be made, as for example: 1 Chain, † 4 Double Crochet, 5 Chain, * 3 Chain, 5 Treble Crochet, 1 Purl, repeat * from twice, 4 Chain, 3 Double Crochet, repeat from †; if written out fully would be - 1 Chain, 4 Double Crochet, 8 Chain, 5 Treble Crochet, 1 Purl, 3 Chain, 5 Treble Crochet, 1 Purl, 3 Chain, 5 Treble Crochet, 1 Purl, 4 Chain, 3 Double Crochet, 4 Double Crochet, 8 Chain, 5 Treble Crochet, 1 Purl, 3 Chain, 5 Treble Crochet, 1 Purl, 3 Chain, 5 Treble Crochet, 1 Purl, 4 Chain, 3 Double Crochet.
Words in Small Capital Letters. - In the explanations of the manner of working the various Embroideries, we have endeavoured to facilitate the references by printing in small capital letters the designation of any stitch or movement when first mentioned that is of sufficient importance as to require a separate heading. The worker will understand from this that she can, if necessary, refer to a fuller explanation of the stitch or movement than is supplied in that particular place. The same stitches being used in totally different branches of Needlework, a description of them under one heading, once for all, does away with the necessity of continual repetitions. When a stitch or movement is only required in the particular work where it occurs, it is only referred to in the main part of the Dictionary, and is described in a separate paragraph under the heading of the work it is used in.
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